Howland brothers: Pioneers of clinical aberrometry

Aberrometry: clinical and research applications.

O ptometry has a history of taking the lead in correcting the optical defects of the eye. While the primary definition of optometry has changed as the profession has expanded its scope of practice, the secondary definition of optometry has remained unchanged. The second definition of optometry is the use of an optometer. The definition of optometer is any of several objective or subjective devi...

Aberrometry: basic science and clinical applications.

This paper addresses the concept, measurement and applications of wave aberrations. The ocular optics is not perfect. Apart from conventional low order aberrations (such as defocus and astigmatism) retinal images are degraded by other high order aberrations. Aberrometers typically measure ray deviations at the retinal plane, as a function of pupil position, i.e. local derivatives of the wave ab...

Principles of Tscherning aberrometry.

Higher-order optical errors of the human eye are often responsible for reduced visual acuity in spite of an optimal spherical or cylindrical refraction. These optical aberrations are of natural origin or can result from operations on the eye involving optical structures. The presented wavefront analyzer is based on Tscherning's aberroscope. A collimated laser beam illuminates a mask with regula...

Principles of ray tracing aberrometry.

PURPOSE Of all transforms of an eye, aberrations are significant when higher visual acuity is to be achieved. Ray tracing aberrometry developed by the Institute of Biomedical Engineering (Kiev) and first tested at the Vardinoyannion Eye Institute of Crete is a promising technique for eye refraction aberration and refraction mapping. METHODS The technique uses measurement of the position of a ...

The Mayo brothers (William James Mayo 1861-1939, Charles Horace Mayo 1865-1939): pioneers of group surgical practice.